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Appraisal Guide

What families, executors, and attorneys need to know — IRS requirements, date-of-death valuations, Maryland probate court, and step-up basis explained in plain English by a 36-year Baltimore appraisal veteran

Ed Drost · MD License #30004874 · Estate & Date-of-Death Appraisals · IRS · Probate · Trust · 36+ Years
Quick answer
A Baltimore estate appraisal establishes a property's fair market value as of the exact date of death — required by the IRS for estate tax filings, by Maryland probate court for estate administration, and by heirs to calculate the stepped-up cost basis that eliminates decades of capital gains exposure. The appraisal must be performed by a Maryland Certified Residential Appraiser. Call Ed Drost at 443-904-5229 to get started — most reports delivered within 3 to 5 business days.
ED

Written by Ed Drost · Maryland Certified Residential Appraiser · License #30004874

36+ years Baltimore City & County · Estate · Probate · IRS · Trust Appraisals · Residential Appraisal Solutions, LLC · 443-904-5229

Why Baltimore Estates Need a Certified Appraisal

When a Baltimore homeowner passes away, real property in the estate must be valued at fair market value as of the exact date of death. This is not a formality — it is a legal requirement with significant financial consequences for the IRS, for Maryland probate court, and for every heir who will eventually sell the inherited property.

After 36 years of providing estate appraisals to Baltimore families, attorneys, and executors, I have seen the same costly mistakes made over and over — delayed appraisals that make historical market reconstruction more difficult, missed stepped-up basis opportunities that cost heirs tens of thousands of dollars in unnecessary capital gains taxes, and underqualified appraisers whose reports do not satisfy IRS or probate court requirements. This guide exists to help Baltimore families and their advisors avoid every one of those mistakes.

IRS Estate Tax Filing

Federal estate tax applies to estates exceeding the current exemption threshold. A certified appraisal from a qualified appraiser is required documentation on IRS Form 706. The IRS scrutinizes estate property valuations closely — an unsupported or uncertified value is an audit trigger.

Maryland Probate Court

Maryland's Register of Wills requires an inventory of estate assets including real property. A certified appraisal from a Maryland Certified Residential Appraiser provides the court with defensible, professionally documented value evidence that satisfies probate administration requirements.

Step-Up in Cost Basis

Even when no estate tax is owed, a certified date-of-death appraisal establishes the stepped-up basis that dramatically reduces capital gains tax when the inherited property is sold. This is the most overlooked and most financially significant reason to get an estate appraisal.

The Step-Up in Basis — The Most Overlooked Benefit

Many Baltimore families do not realize that even when no federal estate tax is owed, a certified date-of-death appraisal can save the heirs tens of thousands of dollars in capital gains taxes when the property is eventually sold.

The IRS allows inherited property to receive a "stepped-up" cost basis — meaning the heir's tax basis is reset to the property's fair market value at the date of death, not the original purchase price. For Baltimore properties that have appreciated significantly over decades of ownership, this distinction is enormous.

Step-Up in Basis — Baltimore Example
Original purchase (1978)
$85,000
What the deceased paid — without step-up, capital gains calculated on this
Date-of-death value (2026)
$375,000
Certified appraised value — the heir's new stepped-up cost basis
Without step-up: capital gains calculated on $290,000 of appreciation when sold. With step-up: $0 in capital gains if sold at appraised value. Potential federal tax savings at 15% rate: $43,500
IRS Requirements

What the IRS Requires for Estate Property Appraisals

The IRS has specific requirements for estate property appraisals that go beyond simply having someone put a number on paper. Using an unqualified appraiser or an automated valuation model for estate tax purposes is a serious error that can result in IRS penalties, valuation disputes, and costly appraisal review proceedings.

▶ IRS Requirements for a Qualified Estate Appraisal
Qualified appraiser: Must hold a state certification or license — for Baltimore real property, a Maryland Certified Residential Appraiser credential satisfies this requirement
Appraisal timing: Must be conducted no earlier than 60 days before the date of death and no later than the due date of the estate tax return
USPAP compliance: Must conform to the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice — the federal standard for appraisal methodology and reporting
Effective date: Must clearly state the date-of-death as the effective date of the appraisal — not the inspection date or the report delivery date
License documentation: Must include the appraiser's license number, state of licensure, and a signed certification of the appraiser's qualifications
Methodology disclosure: Must describe the approaches to value used, the comparable sales analyzed, and the adjustments applied in reaching the final value conclusion
Automated estimates are not acceptable. Zillow, Redfin, or any automated valuation model does not satisfy the IRS qualified appraisal requirement. Neither does a real estate agent's comparative market analysis, a county tax assessment, or an informal opinion of value from any non-licensed source. Using any of these in place of a certified appraisal on an IRS estate tax return is a reportable error that can trigger audit and penalty.
60 Days
Before date of death — earliest the appraisal can be effective for IRS purposes
9 Months
IRS Form 706 due date after date of death — appraisal must be complete by then
48 Hours
Rush turnaround available when estate filing deadlines require expedited delivery
Step-by-Step Process

How to Get a Baltimore Estate Appraisal — 5 Steps

1

Gather the Property Information

Collect the property address, the exact date of death, a copy of the deed if available, and any known property details — recent improvements, prior appraisals, ground rent documentation if applicable, and the names of any heirs or estate representatives who may need to be copied on the report.

Baltimore-specific: If the property has a ground rent, locate the ground rent documentation. Ground rents are almost exclusively a Baltimore phenomenon and directly affect appraised value — the appraiser needs this information to apply the correct leasehold analysis in the comparable sales methodology.
2

Contact a Maryland Certified Residential Appraiser

Call Ed Drost at 443-904-5229 to schedule the appraisal. Provide the property address, the exact date of death, and any filing deadline. Confirm the appraiser holds a Maryland Certified Residential Appraiser license — this specific credential satisfies the IRS qualified appraiser requirement for Baltimore City and County residential property.

Why experience matters for estate appraisals: Estate appraisals require reconstructing market conditions that existed on the date of death — which may be months or years in the past. This requires genuine historical market knowledge, not just current data access. I have been continuously appraising Baltimore properties since 1989 and can reconstruct accurate historical values for any date within that period.
3

Schedule and Complete the Property Inspection

The appraiser will inspect the property to document its condition as close to the date of death as possible. Access is coordinated with the executor or estate representative. The inspection documents square footage, condition, improvements, and all features that affect value.

If the property condition has changed: Inform the appraiser if the property has been cleaned out, renovated, or otherwise altered since the date of death. The appraiser will document the current condition and make appropriate adjustments to reflect the property's condition at the time of death based on available evidence.
4

Receive the Certified Appraisal Report

The completed USPAP-compliant certified appraisal report is delivered within 3 to 5 business days. The report documents the property's fair market value as of the date of death, the sales comparison methodology used, the historical comparable sales analyzed, all adjustments made, and the appraiser's Maryland license information satisfying IRS qualified appraiser documentation requirements.

Report format: Estate appraisals are delivered as full Fannie Mae 1004 URAR reports or narrative format reports, signed and certified by the Maryland Certified Residential Appraiser. Digital delivery is available for immediate transmission to estate attorneys and CPAs.
5

Submit to the Estate Attorney, CPA, or Court

Provide the certified appraisal to your estate attorney for inclusion in the Maryland probate filing, to your CPA for the IRS Form 706 estate tax return, or directly to the Register of Wills for estate inventory purposes. The appraiser is available to answer questions from attorneys, CPAs, or court officials regarding the appraisal's methodology and conclusions.

Expert witness availability: In contested estate proceedings, Ed Drost is available to serve as an expert witness in Maryland probate court, providing testimony supporting the certified appraisal's methodology and value conclusion. Call 443-904-5229 to discuss your specific situation.
For Attorneys and Executors

What Baltimore Estate Attorneys and Executors Need to Know

Estate attorneys and executors throughout Baltimore City and County rely on certified appraisals to administer estates efficiently, avoid disputes among heirs, and satisfy IRS and Maryland probate court requirements. After 36 years of providing estate appraisals to Baltimore's legal community, I understand exactly what documentation attorneys need and how to deliver it on deadline.

What Ed Drost Provides to Estate Attorneys and Executors
USPAP-compliant certified appraisal satisfying IRS Form 706 qualified appraisal requirements
Maryland Certified Residential Appraiser credential documentation for probate court submission
Retrospective valuations for any date of death going back through 36 years of continuous Baltimore market records
Digital delivery for immediate transmission to all parties — attorneys, CPAs, co-counsel, and court
Rush 48-hour turnaround when estate filing deadlines require expedited delivery
Expert witness availability for contested estate valuations in Maryland probate court
Responsive direct communication with the appraiser — not a call center or appraisal management company
Serving all Baltimore City and County zip codes including Ruxton, Roland Park, Guilford, and other high-value estate markets
Frequently Asked Questions

Baltimore Estate Appraisal — Common Questions

What is a date-of-death appraisal in Baltimore?
A date-of-death appraisal is a certified retrospective appraisal establishing a property's fair market value as of the exact date the owner passed away. The appraisal must reflect the value on that specific date — not the current value. This requires an appraiser to reconstruct the market conditions that existed on the date of death using historical comparable sales data from that period.
For Baltimore City properties, this historical reconstruction requires genuine local market knowledge — understanding how values varied by neighborhood, block, and property type on any given date going back decades. I have been continuously appraising Baltimore properties since 1989 and can reconstruct accurate historical values for any date within that period.
Does the IRS require a certified appraisal for a Baltimore estate?
Yes, for estates subject to federal estate tax. The IRS requires a qualified appraisal from a qualified appraiser for real property included in a taxable estate. The appraiser must hold a state certification — a Maryland Certified Residential Appraiser license satisfies this requirement for Baltimore real property. The appraisal must be USPAP-compliant and must identify the date of death as the effective date of value.
What is a stepped-up cost basis and why does it require an estate appraisal?
When a Baltimore homeowner passes away, their heirs inherit the property with a new cost basis equal to the fair market value at the date of death — not the original purchase price. This stepped-up basis dramatically reduces capital gains tax when the property is later sold. A property purchased in 1978 for $85,000 that appraises at $375,000 at death gives the heir a $375,000 basis. If sold for $375,000, no capital gains tax is owed. Without a certified appraisal documenting the $375,000 date-of-death value, the heir cannot establish this stepped-up basis with the IRS.
Can a Baltimore estate appraisal be ordered after the owner has already passed?
Yes — estate appraisals are almost always ordered after the owner has passed. The sooner the appraisal is ordered, the easier the historical reconstruction. As time passes after the date of death, comparable sales from that period become less accessible and the property itself may change condition. Order the appraisal as soon as the estate enters administration. Call 443-904-5229 to schedule immediately.
What happens when Baltimore heirs disagree on a property's estate value?
Heir disputes over estate property value are common and often heated. A certified appraisal from a Maryland Certified Residential Appraiser provides an independent, court-ready valuation that stands as objective evidence all parties can examine. If disagreement persists, each party may commission their own certified appraisal and the court will weigh both as evidence in the probate proceeding. A well-documented USPAP-compliant appraisal from a 36-year Baltimore expert carries significant weight in Maryland probate court.
How much does a Baltimore estate appraisal cost?
A residential estate appraisal in Baltimore City or County typically ranges from $450 to $650 for a standard property. Properties with unique characteristics, significant lot size, historic designation, or a limited comparable sales pool may require additional research time. Contact Ed Drost at 443-904-5229 for a firm, no-obligation quote specific to the property and the date of death involved.
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Last updated: May 2026 · Ed Drost · Maryland Certified Residential Appraiser · License #30004874